翁国宁以“最早的加中友好使者——加拿大传教士”为题，接受了记者的访谈

🔊 朗读

近年来，多伦多华联总会主席翁国宁全力以赴致力于推动发展加中友好关系

Mr. Weng Guoning, Chairman of the Confederation of Toronto Chinese Canadian

Organizations (CTCCO), has spared no effort in furthering friendly relations between

Canada and China over the past years.

近日，翁国宁以“最早的加中友好使者——加拿大传教士”为题，接受了记者的访谈。

Recently, Weng Guoning interviewed with a reporter on the topic of “Canadian Missionaries: The Earliest Ambassadors of Canada-China Friendship”.

以下为访谈实录

The following is a transcript from the interview.

记者（以下简称“王”）听闻您近年来悉心于研讨加中友好关系史，以推动加中友好发展进程？

Reporter (hereinafter referred to as “Wang”) You have been studying the history of  Canada-China friendship in recent years, aiming to further friendly relations between the two countries, haven’t you?

翁国宁（以下简称“翁”）是的， 加中发展友好关系是我们生活在加拿大的华人华侨最大的希望和心愿，但是由于信息不对等或存在某些认识上的误区，许多历史事实不被人们所了解，我希望把更多历史上的真实情况让两国人民特别是中国人民有所了解，让今天的我们更加珍惜加中友谊。

Weng Guoning (hereinafter referred to as “Weng”) Yes. Friendly relations between Canada and China are the greatest hope and wish for overseas Chinese living in Canada.However, people lack knowledge of many historical facts due to asymmetric information sources or some misunderstandings. I want to help the people of the two countries, especially the Chinese people, know more about the real history. In this way, we can cherish more today’s friendship between Canada and China.

Wang：请您详细谈谈“最早的加中友好使者——加拿大传教士”的故事好吗。

Wang：Please elaborate “Canadian Missionaries: The Earliest Ambassadors of CanadaChina Friendship”.

在中国人民印象中，一提起加中友谊就想到白求恩。

When it comes to Canada-China friendship, the Chinese people always remember Dr. Henry Norman Bethune.

没错，白求恩在中国家喻户晓的大英雄，白求恩“毫不利己、专门利人”的伟 大精神，已成为亿万中国人民全民追求和向往的一种崇高的精神。

Indeed, as a well-known hero in China. Dr. Bethune’s “benefiting others without ulterior motives” has become a lofty spirit that hundreds of millions of Chinese people are pursuing and yearning for.

但是，最早的加中友好的使者，却比白求恩整整早了半个世纪。

However, the earliest ambassador of Canada-China friendship was half a century earlier than Dr. Bethune.

我们先看一张现今南京鼓楼医院的宏伟图片，图片上有“清光绪 18 年建”字样。

Let’s take a look at a magnificent picture of the Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital. There are characters “Built in the 18th year of Emperor Guangxu in Qing Dynasty” on it.

光绪 18 年是 1892 年，距今 130 年前，那么，是谁这么早就在中国建立了这所西医院呢？

The 18th year of Emperor Guangxu was 1892, So, who established this western hospital in China 130 years ago?

就是图中这位名叫马林 1880 年毕业于多伦多大学医学专业的加拿大传教士。

It was W. E. Maclin, a Canadian missionary who graduated as a medical major from the University of Toronto in 1880.

马林于清光绪十二年（1886）1 月以基督会会友的身份来到中国， 是有据可查的最早来到中国的加拿大传教士。

Maclin came to China in January 1886 (the 12th year of Emperor Guangxu), as a member of the Christian Church. Available documents show that he was the earliest Canadian missionary to China.

马林为获取当地民众信任，免费为贫病患者治病，治愈后劝其信教。

To gain the trust of local people, Maclin treated poor patients for free, and persuaded them to believe in Christianity after being cured.

来华当年，马林就在位于鼓楼大街双龙巷口（今中山路 358 号），建立了马林诊所。

Within the first year after his arrival in China, Maclin established the Maclin Clinic at the entrance of Shuanglong Lane in Gulou Street (today’s No. 358 Zhongshan Road).

由于其医术高超妙手回春，上门求诊人数渐多，1887 年门诊量竟达到 13500 人次。

His superb medical skills rejuvenated many patients. The number of outpatients increased gradually, totaling 13,500 in 1887 alone.

马林还经常深入南京附近的乡村为民众治病兼传教，马林一到，村里的小孩儿们都会兴奋地奔跑相告“马先生来了！”

Maclin often travelled far into the rural areas around Nanjing to cure diseases and do missionary work. Upon seeing him, children would run about excitedly and tell fellow villagers, “Mr. Ma is here!”

在教会的资助下，马林诊所的扩建工程于 1890 年在鼓楼南街一号（今中山路三二一号）动工。

Funded by the church, the Maclin Clinic Expansion Project started in 1890 at No. 1 Gulou South Street (today’s No. 321 Zhongshan Road).

光绪十八年（1892 年），一座四层的砖木结构楼房建成，这也就是今天鼓楼医院正门所书“清光绪 18 年建”的缘故。

In 1892 (the 18th year of Emperor Guangxu), a four-story brick-wood house was built. That was the origin for “Built in the 18th year of Emperor Guangxu in Qing Dynasty” on the front entrance of today’s Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital.

该医院建成后被教会命名为基督医院，但由于马林是该医院的创建者和此后多年的院长，所以南京人民仍习惯称基督医院为“马林医院”。

After completion, it was named Christian Hospital by the church. Since Maclin was the founder and president of the hospital for many years, Nanjing people are still used to calling it “Maclin Hospital”.

马林任院长期间，主张医院为社会各阶层服务，上至达官显贵，下至贫民乞丐，均一视同仁。

During his tenure as president, Maclin advocated that the hospital should serve all social strata, from dignitaries to poor citizens and even beggars.

恰如他的行医格言“平等对待王子与乞丐”，他每年要免费收治贫困患者两百到三百人次，占全部住院病人的三分之一强。

Adhering to his motto of “treating princes and beggars equally”, Marin treated 200- 300 poor patients for free every year, accounting for more than one third of all inpatients.

图为今天鼓楼医院内的“马林医院”老楼

The Old Building of Maclin Hospital Inside Today’s Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital.

在马林医院建立 110 周年时， 马林医院旧址被江苏省政府确立为江苏省文物保护单位，以永久纪念这位伟大的加拿大传教士。

On the 110th anniversary of the establishment of Maclin Hospital, the former site of Maclin Hospital was recognized as a heritage site under provincial protection by the Jiangsu Provincial Government to commemorate this great Canadian missionary forever.

1925 年，教会决定让已 65 岁的马林退休，但当地人民联合上书挽留。

In 1925, the church decided to retire Maclin, who was then 65 years old. However, local people co-signed a petition letter for Maclin to stay on the job.

直到 1927 年，67 岁的马林终于告老还乡，结束在南京四十余年的行医传教生涯。

In 1927, 67-year-old Maclin finally retired and returned home, putting an end to his 41-year medical and missionary career in Nanjing.

1947 年 8 月 8 日，87 岁的马林在其夫人的家乡美国加州与世长辞。

On August 8, 1947, Maclin died in California, USA, his wife’s hometown, at the age of 87.

但他对中国近四十年的奉献与付出，并未随时间隐没于历史洪流中。

His dedication and contribution to China for more than 40 years have stood out from historical torrents.

他所建立创办的鼓楼医院，为中国人民的医疗福祉仍持续地发光发热，留下岁月不可抹灭的重重一笔。

Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the descendant of Maclin Hospital, still safeguards the medical well-being of the Chinese people, leaving an indelible mark in history.

人们没有忘记马林，图为 2012 年 12 月 15 日，鼓楼医院建院一百二十周年庆典，美国前总统卡特、马林的外孙女马卓瑞·汉考克等，应邀为鼓楼医院内的马林铜像揭幕。

Chinese people have not forgotten Maclin. For the 120th anniversary celebration of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital on December 15, 2012, former US President Jimmy Carter and Maclin’s granddaughter Marjorie Hancock were invited to unveil the bronze statue of Maclin standing inside Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital.

马林的伟大形像，留在他所创建的园地中，继续温暖陪伴着他曾关怀、贡献过的这一片土地。

Maclin’s great image stands in the garden he created, and continues to safeguard the field he once cared for and contributed to.

Wang：马林医生的事迹太感动人了。

Wang： Dr. Maclin’s story is so touching.

Weng：历史上这种感人的事例有许多，如今天西南地区著名的四大天团、医学名校 华西协和大学，也是由加拿大传教士启尔德博士（Dr. Omar L. Kilborn）于1891 年建立的。

Weng：Such touching examples were abundant in history. West China Medical Center, Sichuan University, one of the four universities with renowned hospitals (Union Hospital, Xiangya Hospital, Qilu Hospital and West China Hospital), was also founded by Canadian missionary Dr. Omar L. Kilborn) in 1891.

图为启尔德博士

Dr. Omar L. Kilborn

图为今天的华西协和大学

Today’s West China Union University

图为初建的华西协合大学

The Newly Established West China Union University

还有如 1888 年来自加拿大安大略省布鲁斯县的加拿大著名的海外传教士季理斐

(Donald MacGilfivray)，是最早进入河南传教的外国人。

In 1888, Donald MacGilfivray, a famous Canadian missionary from Bruce County, Ontario, Canada, was the first foreigner to enter China’s Henan Province to do missionary work.

他掌管的广学会，成功编篡了最早的英汉字典《英华成语合璧字集》，英文名称 A Mandarin—Romanized Dictionary of Chinese。

The Christian Literature Society for China, headed by Donald MacGilfivray, successfully compiled the earliest English-Chinese dictionary “A MandarinRomanized Dictionary of Chinese”.

时至今日，对季氏词典的研究，不仅可以窥见清末民初时期传教士视角下汉语语言的变迁，而且对今人汉语新词的收录及汉文化的国际传播具有重要的借鉴意义。

Today, this dictionary not only helps researchers gain insights into the changes of the Chinese language from the perspective of missionaries in the late Qing Dynasty and the early ROC period, but also offers important reference for the collection of new Chinese words and the spreading of Chinese culture around the world.

图为广学会出版的书目

Some Books Published by the Christian Literature Society for China.

广学会后来成为基督教在中国设立的最大出版机构，广学会的宗旨是“以西国之学广中国之学，以西国之新学广中国之旧学”，是“广学会”的名称由来。

Later, the Christian Literature Society for China became the largest publishing institution established by Christianity in China, aiming to “supplement the traditional Chinese learning with western learning”, which was the origin of its name.？

Wang：您介绍的这位季理斐主要贡献是在加中文化交流方面的？

Wang：The main contributions of Donald MacGilfivray were in the cultural exchanges between Canada and China. Were there other examples?

Weng：此外还有专门办女子学校的加拿大女传教士，如劳拉（汉正礼）女士，帮助妇女解放，如放足、识字等。

Weng：There were also female Canadian missionaries who specialized in operating schools for girls. Ms. Laura Hambley contributed to the liberation of Chinese women by persuading them to release their bounded feet and teaching them to read.

她们是最早的男女平等观念在中国的启蒙者。

They were the earliest initiators of gender equality in China.

图为加拿大传教士创办的女子学校

A Girls’ School Founded by Canadian Missionaries

左为培德高级小学毕业班合影，右为英华女校高三年级毕业班合影

Left: Graduating Class of Peide Primary School; Right: Graduating Class (12th

Grade) of Ying Wa Girls’ School

这都是加拿大传教士在中国兴办的学校。

These were all schools run by Canadian missionaries in China.

这批最早来到中国的加拿大传教士，对中国的医学、教育以及出版事业的贡献非常大。

The first-batch Canadian missionaries to China have made great contributions to China’s medicine, education and publishing sectors.

据统计至第一次世界大战结束，仅新教教会就在中国资助了两所大学、270 所中小学校和 30 家医院。

Statistics show that by the end of World War I, Protestant churches had funded two  universities, 270 primary and secondary schools and 30 hospitals in China.

加拿大传教士在华活动是中加关系史的重要部分，传教士发回加拿大传教协会或组织的报告、信件是加拿大决策者和民众最早了解中国国情和获得中国“知识”的主要途径。

Canadian missionaries in China were an important part of Sino-Canadian relations in history. Reports and letters sent back by missionaries to Canadian missionary councils or organizations served as the main channel for Canadian policy-makers and people to understand China’s national conditions and gain “knowledge” about China back then.

无论清朝、民国时期，还是在中华人民共和国时期，在中加两国关系构建中，传教士历代都是两国官方和民间的桥梁。

In the Qing Dynasty, the ROC and the PRC periods, missionaries have served as a bridge between the official and the people of the two countries for improving SinoCanadian relations.

Wang：回忆这些加中关系最早的友好使者的丰功伟绩的同时， 我们今天应该怎样学习他们？

Wang： While recalling the great achievements of these earliest ambassadors in CanadaChina friendship, how should we learn from them today?

Weng：加中两国有良好历史关系，两国没有历史积怨和历史问题，没有领土和领海纠纷，更没有地缘战略冲突。

Weng： Canada and China have sound historical relations. There are no historical grievances or problems, territorial (land or water) disputes, or geostrategic conflicts between the two countries.

加拿大的华人华侨从建国伊始一直为加拿大的国家建设做出重大贡献，也一直多元文化的建设做出贡献。

Overseas Chinese in Canada have been making great contributions to the country’s development and the diversified cultural building, ever since Canada was founded.

我们多伦多华联总会宗旨：把促进两国民间交流交往和加中两国友谊做为重要的使命。

Our Tenet at CTCCO: It is a key mission for us to promote non-governmental exchanges and friendship between Canada and China.

更希望加中两国应珍惜双边悠久的民间友谊和两国的长期合作取的成就，用发展的眼光、求同存异的立场对话并实现合作，这将是加中两国人民共同的重要福祉！

Canada and China shall cherish the long-standing friendship between the two peoples and the achievements of long-term cooperation between the two countries. Through dialogue and cooperation from a developmental perspective and based on the principle of seeking common grounds while reserving differences, we shall jointly improve the common well-being of the Canadian and Chinese peoples!

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